What Is a Personal Guarantee? Definition & How It Works
Loan Terms

What Is a Personal Guarantee?

Understanding personal guarantees helps you make informed decisions about business financing.

A personal guarantee is a legal agreement where you (personally) promise to repay a business loan if your business can't. It makes you personally liable for the debt, meaning lenders can go after your personal assets (home, savings, investments) if the business defaults. Most business loans require personal guarantees, especially for businesses under 2 years or loans over $50k. It's standard practice and helps you access capital with better terms.

How Personal Guarantees Work

When you sign a personal guarantee, you're essentially co-signing the loan:

1

You Sign the Guarantee

As part of the loan agreement, you sign a personal guarantee document making you personally responsible for repayment.

2

Business Makes Payments

As long as your business makes payments on time, the personal guarantee doesn't come into play. Everything works normally.

3

If Business Defaults

If the business can't repay, the lender can pursue you personally for the remaining balance, including seizing personal assets.

When Lenders Require Personal Guarantees

Most business loans require personal guarantees, especially:

  • Newer Businesses: Companies under 2 years old typically require guarantees because they lack established credit history.
  • Larger Loans: Loans over $50k-$100k almost always require personal guarantees.
  • Unsecured Loans: Loans without collateral require guarantees to reduce lender risk.
  • SBA Loans: All SBA loans require personal guarantees from owners with 20%+ ownership.
Note: Even with collateral (equipment, real estate), lenders often require personal guarantees as additional security.

Types of Personal Guarantees

Unlimited Guarantee

You're responsible for the full loan amount plus fees and interest. Most common type. All your personal assets are at risk.

Limited Guarantee

Your liability is capped at a specific amount (e.g., 25% of loan). Less common, usually for larger businesses or multiple guarantors.

Joint and Several Guarantee

Multiple owners guarantee the loan. Lender can pursue any guarantor for the full amount, not just their share. Common for partnerships and LLCs.

What Personal Assets Are At Risk?

If you default and the lender enforces the guarantee, they can pursue:

At Risk:

  • • Personal bank accounts
  • • Investment accounts
  • • Real estate (home, rental properties)
  • • Vehicles
  • • Personal property

Usually Protected:

  • • Retirement accounts (401k, IRA) - varies by state
  • • Primary residence - in some states (homestead exemption)
  • • Assets owned by spouse (if not co-guarantor)
Important: Laws vary by state. Consult an attorney to understand what's protected in your state.

How to Reduce Personal Guarantee Risk

1. Negotiate Limited Guarantees

For larger loans or established businesses, negotiate a cap on your personal liability (e.g., 50% of loan amount).

2. Use Business Assets as Collateral

Strong collateral (equipment, real estate) may reduce guarantee requirements or allow for limited guarantees.

3. Build Business Credit

Established businesses (2+ years) with strong business credit may qualify for loans with reduced or no personal guarantees. Learn about building business credit.

4. Consider Asset-Based Loans

Loans secured by assets (equipment, receivables) may have less stringent guarantee requirements. Learn about asset-based lending.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I avoid a personal guarantee?

It's difficult for most small businesses. Established companies (5+ years) with strong business credit and significant assets may qualify for loans without guarantees, but they're rare. Most lenders require them as standard practice.

Does a personal guarantee affect my personal credit?

The guarantee itself doesn't appear on your personal credit report. However, if the business defaults and you don't pay, the lender can report the default to your personal credit, damaging your score.

What if I have a co-signer?

A co-signer also signs a personal guarantee and is equally liable. The lender can pursue either of you for the full amount. Both your credit scores are at risk.

Can I get out of a personal guarantee?

Once signed, it's legally binding. You can't unilaterally cancel it. Some lenders may release guarantees after a period of successful payments or if business credit improves significantly, but this is rare and requires negotiation.

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