Current Ratio Formula — How to Calculate & Examples
Financial Formulas

Current Ratio Formula

Learn how to calculate current ratio and what it tells you about your business's ability to pay short-term bills.

The current ratio measures your business's ability to pay short-term obligations with current assets. Formula: Current Ratio = Current Assets ÷ Current Liabilities. A ratio of 1.0 means assets exactly equal liabilities; 1.5-2.0 is considered healthy. Below 1.0 means you may struggle to pay bills. It's a key working capital measure that lenders use to assess short-term financial health.

Current Ratio Formula

Current Ratio = Current Assets ÷ Current Liabilities

Current Assets Include:

  • • Cash and cash equivalents
  • • Accounts receivable
  • • Inventory
  • • Prepaid expenses
  • • Short-term investments

Current Liabilities Include:

  • • Accounts payable
  • • Short-term debt
  • • Accrued expenses
  • • Current portion of long-term debt
  • • Taxes payable

Learn more about working capital and use our working capital calculator.

Current Ratio Calculation Example

Business: Retail store

Current Assets:

  • • Cash: $25,000
  • • Accounts receivable: $15,000
  • • Inventory: $40,000
  • Total Current Assets: $80,000

Current Liabilities:

  • • Accounts payable: $20,000
  • • Short-term loan: $15,000
  • • Accrued expenses: $5,000
  • Total Current Liabilities: $40,000

Current Ratio = $80,000 ÷ $40,000 = 2.0

✓ Healthy ratio - Business can easily cover short-term obligations

What Current Ratio Means

2.0+ (Excellent)

Strong liquidity. You have twice the assets needed to cover liabilities. May indicate excess cash that could be invested in growth.

1.5-2.0 (Good)

Healthy liquidity. Comfortable cushion to cover short-term obligations and handle unexpected expenses.

1.0-1.5 (Fair)

Adequate but tight. You can cover obligations but have little margin for error. Monitor closely.

Below 1.0 (Risky)

Insufficient current assets to cover liabilities. High risk of cash flow problems. Consider financing to improve liquidity.

Current Ratio vs Quick Ratio

Both measure liquidity, but quick ratio is more conservative:

Current Ratio

  • • Includes all current assets
  • • Includes inventory
  • • Less conservative
  • • Best for: Businesses with liquid inventory

Quick Ratio

  • • Excludes inventory
  • • Only most liquid assets
  • • More conservative
  • • Best for: Businesses with slow-moving inventory

Learn about quick ratio formula to understand the difference.

How to Improve Current Ratio

1. Increase Current Assets

Build cash reserves, speed up receivables collection, or optimize inventory levels. More current assets improve the ratio.

2. Reduce Current Liabilities

Pay down short-term debt, negotiate longer payment terms with vendors, or convert short-term debt to long-term debt.

3. Use Working Capital Financing

A working capital loan or business line of credit can boost current assets and improve the ratio.

Frequently Asked Questions

What's a good current ratio for a small business?

A ratio of 1.5-2.0 is considered healthy for most small businesses. Below 1.0 is risky, and above 2.5 may indicate excess cash that could be invested. Industry norms vary—retail may need higher ratios due to inventory, while service businesses may be fine with lower ratios.

Can current ratio be too high?

Yes. A ratio above 2.5-3.0 may indicate you're holding too much cash or inventory that could be invested in growth. However, high is better than low—it's a good problem to have.

How does current ratio affect loan approval?

Lenders check current ratio to assess short-term financial health. Ratios below 1.0 are red flags. Ratios of 1.5+ improve approval chances and may get better rates. Learn about how to qualify for business loans.

What's the difference between current ratio and working capital?

Current ratio is a ratio (assets ÷ liabilities). Working capital is the dollar difference (assets - liabilities). Both measure liquidity, but ratio is easier to compare across businesses. Learn about what working capital is.

Need Help Improving Your Current Ratio?

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